Moses says that at Mount Sinai G-d made a new covenant with the Israelites – to observe His commandments and be rewarded or punished as a result. He retells the 10 commandments – the text is slightly different than the one in the book of Shemot (Exodus).

• Moses called all Israel and said to them, "Hear, O Israel, the statutes and ordinances which I speak in your ears this day, and learn them, and observe [them] to do them.
• The Lord our G-d made a covenant with us in Horeb. Not with our forefathers did the Lord make this covenant, but with us, we, all of whom are here alive today. Face to face, the Lord spoke with you at the mountain out of the midst of the fire: (and I stood between the Lord and you at that time, to tell you the word of the Lord, for you were afraid of the fire, and you did not go up on the mountain) saying:
• I am the Lord your G-d, Who took you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
• You shall not have the gods of others in My presence. You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness which is in the heavens above, which is on the earth below, or which is in the water beneath the earth. You shall not prostrate yourself before them, nor worship them, for I, the Lord your God, am a zealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the sons, upon the third and the fourth generations of those who hate Me. And [I] perform loving kindness to thousands [of generations] of those who love Me and to those who keep My commandments.
• You shall not take the name of the Lord, your God, in vain, for the Lord will not hold blameless anyone who takes His name in vain.
• Keep the Sabbath day to sanctify it, as the Lord your God commanded you. Six days may you work, and perform all your labor, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God; you shall perform no labor, neither you, your son, your daughter, your manservant, your maidservant, your ox, your donkey, any of your livestock, nor the stranger who is within your cities, in order that your manservant and your maidservant may rest like you. And you shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and that the Lord your G-d took you out from there with a strong hand and with an outstretched arm; therefore, the Lord, your God, commanded you to observe the Sabbath day.
• Honor your father and your mother as the Lord your G-d commanded you, in order that your days be lengthened, and that it may go well with you on the land that the Lord, your G-d, is giving you.
• You shall not murder.
• And you shall not commit adultery.
• And you shall not steal.
• And you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
• And you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, nor shall you desire your neighbor's house, his field, his manservant, his maidservant, his ox, his donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.
• The Lord spoke these words to your entire assembly at the mountain out of the midst of the fire, the cloud, and the opaque darkness, with a great voice, which did not cease. And He inscribed them on two stone tablets and gave them to me.

Israelites heard the voice of G-d telling them the 10 Commandments and asked Moses to represent them because they feared G-d. G-d was pleased with this because he wants us to fear Him and keep His commandments

• And it was, when you heard the voice from the midst of the darkness, and the mountain was burning with fire, that you approached me, all the heads of your tribes and your elders. And you said, "Behold, the Lord, our G-d, has shown us His glory and His greatness, and we heard His voice from the midst of the fire; we saw this day that G-d speaks with man, yet [man] remains alive. So now, why should we die? For this great fire will consume us; if we continue to hear the voice of the Lord, our G-d, anymore, we will die. For who is there of all flesh, who heard the voice of the living G-d speaking from the midst of the fire, as we have, and lived? You approach, and hear all that the Lord, our G-d, will say, and you speak to us all that the Lord, our G-d, will speak to you, and we will hear and do. And the Lord heard the sound of your words when you spoke to me, and the Lord said to me, "I have heard the sound of the words of this people that they have spoken to you; they have done well in all that they have spoken. Would that their hearts be like this, to fear Me and to keep all My commandments all the days, that it might be well with them and with their children forever!
• Go say to them, 'Return to your tents.' But as for you, stand here with Me, and I will speak to you all the commandments, the statutes, and the ordinances which you will teach them, that they may do them in the land which I give them to possess. Keep them to perform [them] as the Lord your G-d has commanded you; do not turn aside either to the right or to the left. In all the way which the Lord, your G-d, has commanded you, you shall go, in order that you may live and that it may be well with you, and so that you may prolong your days in the land you will possess."